Focus Groups of Park Administrators and Residents Regarding Dog Park Development and Success: A Case Study in Norfolk, Virginia

Abstract

Two focus groups were conducted as part of a case study to reflect on dog park success in Norfolk, Virginia. One focus group included staff from the City of Norfolk Recreation, Parks and Open Spaces (RPOS) dog park staff. The second focus group included members from neighborhood civic leagues or dog park associations. Through in-person and online surveys, city residents, regardless of dog ownership, were asked an open-ended question about what makes dog parks successful to provide their perspective on this topic. Questions related to dog parks included success with: (a) identifying a need for dog parks in Norfolk, (b) policies and procedures for establishing dog parks, (c) essential amenities/features of dog parks, and (d) benefits derived from dog parks. City employees and residents participating in the focus groups agreed overall about why dog parks were established in Norfolk – in response to a community need due to dense population, small yards, and apartment buildings. There was agreement between both groups regarding amenities that make dog parks successful – fencing, water, and shade; however, other amenities for success varied according to structural or functional aspects. Open-ended responses revealed infrastructure, water, and shade as the dominant dog park success markers, with grass as the most preferred surfacing type. Despite the similarities in the two focus group discussions about reasons for dog park establishment, the discussions diverged once researchers asked about policies related to the establishment and maintenance of dog parks. Residents expressed frustration with being charged with half of the establishment and upkeep of the dog park. Management implications include revisiting or adjusting policies related to dog park development (including fundraising), taking into consideration a highly transient population and its implications for dog park association leadership, consideration of a dog park liaison, the problems associated with unfenced dog parks. Norfolk dog parks were still found to be highly successful and civic leaders noted that Norfolk park administrators have been responsive to resident needs and they were given an opportunity for feedback on the process.